The Slave Dynasty
Introduction
The Slave Dynasty, the inaugural line of rulers in the Delhi Sultanate, played a pivotal role in shaping Indian history. From 1206 to 1290, this Muslim kingdom witnessed a unique blend of Turkish influence and Mamluk traditions.
Mamluks and the Political Landscape
The Slave dynasty earned its name due to the origin of its sultans, who were either slaves or heirs of enslaved people. During this era, slavery was integral to the political systems in eastern Muslim regions. The slaves, typically of Turkish descent, were groomed as Mamluks, serving as specialized and loyal warriors and administrators.
Rise of the Slave Dynasty
Founded by Qutb al-Din Aibak, a favored slave of Sultan Muʿizz al-Din Muhammad, the Slave dynasty emerged following Muhammad’s death in 1206. Qutb, a trusted Turkish officer, successfully navigated a war with Taj al-Din Yildoiz, another former slave of Muhammad, securing his position.
Iltutmish: Zenith of the Dynasty
Qutb’s son-in-law, Iltutmish, assumed the throne in 1210 and proved to be the greatest of the Slave dynasty’s sultans. His rule from 1211 to 1236 saw the Delhi Sultanate reach its zenith, becoming the most potent state in northern India. Iltutmish’s tolerant policies towards Hindus and incorporation of Indian traditions into legal structures marked a distinctive feature of Turkish rule in India.
Raziyya’s Rule and Challenges
Upon Iltutmish’s death in 1236, his daughter Raziyya succeeded him, challenging societal norms. Her rule faced opposition due to gender biases and progressive policies. Raziyya’s removal from power in 1240 initiated factional disputes that persisted for years.
Ghiyas al-Din Balban’s Stewardship
Taking control after 1246, Ghiyas al-Din Balban served as sultan from 1266 to 1287. Under his leadership, the Delhi Sultanate repelled Mongol invasions and grappled with the resurgence of Hindu chiefs, particularly Rajputs. Balban emphasized elaborate ceremonies and strict justice administration to elevate the sultanate’s prestige.
The End of the Slave Dynasty
Jalal al-Din Firuz Khalji marked the conclusion of the Slave dynasty on June 13, 1290, seizing power and establishing the Khalji dynasty as the subsequent ruling line of the Delhi Sultanate. The Slave dynasty’s legacy endured, leaving an indelible mark on India’s political and cultural landscape.
F.A.Q.
Q. Who is the founder of slave dynasty?
Answer:- Qutb ud-Din Aibak , Dynasty lasted from 1206 to 1290
